Page 86 - Education for Development:George Psacharopoulos University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
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22      ᐿ࿲ၾආӉj઺ԃٙɢඎ






                  Establish priorities


                       Education systems in all countries, rich or poor, are plagued by a myriad of

                  problems no country or donor can fix entirely. Millennium Development Goals
                  are a utopia (Economist, 2015).
                       Priorities  should  be  established  based  on  efficiency  and  equity

                  considerations. Use cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis to establish
                  priorities.
                       Professor Heckman’s famous graph succinctly summarizes priorities that

                  should guide education policies: Target the early ages. If so, why countries keep
                  expanding universities and adult training?



                                      Programs targeted towards the earliest yeas

                         Rate of return to investment in human capital


                                           Preschool programs


                                                     Schooling


                                                                       Job training







                                     4-5
                              0-3   Pre-
                                    school    School             Post-school
                            0                          Age

                                    Figure 1: Heckman’s grand summary
                                            Source: Heckman (2008)
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