Page 86 - Education for Development:George Psacharopoulos University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA

22 ᐿ࿲ၾආӉj઺ԃٙɢඎ

Establish priorities

Education systems in all countries, rich or poor, are plagued by a myriad of

problems no country or donor can fix entirely. Millennium Development Goals
are a utopia (Economist, 2015).
Priorities should be established based on efficiency and equity

considerations. Use cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis to establish
priorities.
Professor Heckman’s famous graph succinctly summarizes priorities that

should guide education policies: Target the early ages. If so, why countries keep
expanding universities and adult training?

Programs targeted towards the earliest yeas

Rate of return to investment in human capital

Preschool programs

Schooling

Job training

4-5
0-3 Pre-
school School Post-school
0 Age

Figure 1: Heckman’s grand summary
Source: Heckman (2008)