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450      ᐿ࿲ၾආӉj઺ԃٙɢඎ








               ໍe ˼ʆʘ̙ͩ˸Ҹ፹ķ࠾ᛠߕeᅃe˚ഃ਷પ
                      ਗɛʑ੃ԃʘዚՓ



                   ΋ආ਷࢕ί੃ԃପุɛʑʘՓܓ΢ϞՉतᓃdֵɨਗ਼ʧୗߕ਷eᅃ਷
               ၾ˚͉ʘઋҖԶਞϽf

               ɓeߕ਷઺ԃͭجʘዚՓ



                   ߕ਷݊Ό˰ޢ઺ԃ௰೯༺ٙ਷࢕dШ࿁઺ԃ݊щঐΥ˷ٟึeପุʿ
               ɛ͏ٙცࠅdɓٜʔᓙίҷࠧၾ௴อʕfމԴҷࠧʈЪঐմΌʿᖢ֛೯
               ࢝dዝϋԸே΋຾͟਷ึஷཀ઺ԃجࣩd͟ᐼ୕ᖦ໇ϓމ͍όجܛܝdΎ

               ˸Б݁ࠇ೥ৣࢁ݄Бd΢ॴዚᗫʿኪࣧԱܛ๫௝БԫfഹΤٙ઺ԃجࣩ኿
               Չࠅ٫dΐʘνɨ€Gordon, 2003j
                   €ɓ1965ϋ༗ಌ€Lyndon Johsonᐼ୕˴݁ʘʕʃኪ઺ԃجࣩ‘
               €Elementary and Secondary Education Act, ESEAdீཀͭجԴਿᓾ઺ԃ

               һ̋਄Όd՘пࢮැኪ͛dᑌԞִ݁ϓމ༟๕౤Զ٫Ԩᓒɽ઺ԃᅡಛf
                   €ɚ1994ϋݚ؍཭€William J. Clintonᐼ୕˴݁ʘͦᅺ2000

               ϋj઺ԃߕ਷جࣩ‘€Goals 2000: Educate America Actdࠈ֛Ό਷઺ԃ
               ᅺ๟પਗ઺ԃҷࠧi˸ʿҷࠧߕ਷઺ԃجࣩ‘€Improving American’s
               School Act of 1994dࡌࠈ1965ϋʘESEAجࣩf
                    €ɧ2001ϋʃ̺Ҏ€George W. Bushᐼ୕˴݁ʘʔᜫ΂О܀ɿ

               ໝܝجࣩ‘€No Child Left Behind, NCLBdӊɓ܀ɿே̀඲ڎ᎘Ⴜɪd
               ΪϤ੶ʷᐶࣖப΂dረʚή˙һɽ઺ԃᛆபf

                    €̬2015ϋᆄˋ৵€Barack Obamaᐼ୕˴݁ʘӊࡈኪ͛ேϓ̌
               جࣩ‘€Every Student Succeeds Act, ESSA՟˾NCLBجࣩdਗ਼઺ԃᛆɢ
               ᒔഗ΢ψdᜫ΢ψϞһεІ˴൒ඎᛆf
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