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452 ᐿၾආӉjԃٙɢඎ
Prep programd˸ʿʕഃԃၾܝʕഃԃٙೌᐻટࠐdԨ࿁तࣿૄ໊
special populationԶ௰Գʘਕf
ɖ1994ϋኪࣧЇʈЪዚึجࣩSchool-to-Work Opportunities
Act੶ሜԃޢၾΆุඬ˴ٙΝΥЪМᗫڷcollaborative
partnership˸ቮ৷ۜሯҦஔ௶ਗɢhigh quality skilled workforced
Ԩ੶ʷΥሙe߅Ҧٙۃ၌ʫtechnological advancesd˸
ቮቇᏐ੶ٙʈЪ٫adaptable workerfආБΌࠦᔖૹႾኬ
comprehensive career guidanced˸ʿᔖఙ͉Зٙኪ୦work-based
learningഃd༈جࣩܝ1990ϋe1991ϋʿ2016ϋΎܓࡌࠈfܝ
Ըʘࠠᓃ˴ࠅ݊ਗ਼vocational educationΤ൚ҷ౬މcareer and technical
educationdءࠠᔖૹၾਖ਼ژҦஔၝΥࣖঐٙԃf
ɞ2014ϋᆄˋ৵ᐼ୕ᖦWorkforce Innovation and Opportunity
Act, WIOAdਗ਼ᔖఙ͉Зኪ୦ΐމࠠᓃdϞᗫᔖఙ᜕ʘྼ୦
internshipeίᔖOn the Job Training, OJTeኪࢯۃpre-
apprenticeshipʿ౼ಂʈЪsummer jobsഃѩ݊ˮږ௱d2015f
ɦߕɽኪٙ߅eପኪΥЪʿҦᔷʈЪɽ׳ମdڷᔟͭ͟جϾ
̋ܵdԷν1980ϋٙܰӁجࣩBayh-Dole Acte̦˖͛ᕿᅃ߅
Ҧ௴อجࣩThe Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Acte1984
ϋΥЪӺجࣩNational Cooperation Research Actʿ1986ϋ
ᑌԞ߅ҦᔷجFederal Technology Transfer Actfߕίપਗԃ
݁ഄʔස͟ᐼ୕̈ࠦჯኬdɰᔟпึਞeՇ৫ٙɢඎҳୃஷཀd˸࿎
ᜑ͏จʿִ݁ɢඎfՉ˸ͭجҖόৣΥᅡಛdБ݁ఊЗੂБdΌ͏੶ɢ္
ຖdӊཞᅰϋ5-10ϋᏨীၾࡌ͍جࣩdৣΥڗಂeڗࣖɢ༶Ъd࠽
Ңࡁኪ୦fၽᝄۍ݊͟ԃʿБ݁৫˸Б݁ࠇʘ˙ό݄݁dՇ
ˢ༰ɢ༸ྼίࢨܘεlϓࣖһ݊ᗭ˸ˢᏝl