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274      ᐿ࿲ၾආӉj઺ԃٙɢඎ








                                            ఠeۃԊ


                   ٝᗆ຾᏶ᇻۉ೯࢝ٙʦ˚dɛɢ༟๕՟˾ոϞৌబၾІ್༟๕dϓމ

               ΢਷ٟึၾ຾᏶೯࢝ٙࣨːd౤৷઺ԃҳ༟༹ϓމ΢਷ٙ೯࢝ࠠᓃdˈՉ
               ݊৷ܓ೯࢝਷࢕jጐ฽ீཀ઺ԃܔͭʮ͏จᗆeኑၳ΍ᗆd੃ԃ৷ሯඎɛ
               ɢ༟๕Ϋ㉿ٟึdᄣආ਷͏ᘩنɢ€Autor, 2014; Demeuse, Frandji, Greger,

               & Rochex, 2012; World Bank, 2018f
                    ౤৷઺ԃҳ༟Ӻ௞Ꮠ౤ʺՙ൳€excellenceא৛Ӌʮ̻€equityk
               εᅰჯਹႩމவՇ٫ٙࣨːᄆ࠽ၾʫ଄݊ላ߉dޟЇ݊ʝ͆ٙjฏЭٙ༟

               ͉л੻೼ଟ€ฏʔʮ̻d஗Ⴉމ̙˸౤ʺࣖଟdˀʘd੶ሜʮ̻ۆึᙼ
               ޒ຾᏶ࣖଟ€Hartman & Boyd, 1998; Van den Branden, Van Avermaet, & Van
               Houtte, 2010dՉഐ؈݊Ӕഄ٫εਗ਼༟๕Ꮄ΋ҳءί౤ʺՙ൳Ͼڢ৛Ӌ

               ʮ̻€Green, 1983; Heckman, 2011f
                   ್Ͼd઺ԃਂމɛٙਿ͉ᛆूd࿁ʮ̻ٙൡӋ஗ൖމٟึ༸ᅃၾ͍
               ່ٙ࿎ᜑdৰաɛᛆ༶ਗʿՅഁᛆл܁Ԋഃʮߒࡇኬ€ᑌΥ਷Յഁᛆ
               л܁Ԋd1959dһ݊ఢਿٟึڗჃ೯࢝ٙ̀ࠅૢ΁€Organization for

               Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2018af΢਷౤৷࿁
               ઺ԃٙҳ༟dϓ؈੻˸࢝ତ׵ኪ͛ኪ୦ڌତٙҷഛdШ޼Ӻ͵ܸ̈઺ԃ

               ӻ୕ʔ̻ഃତ൥ᎇഹኪ͛ኪ୦ڌତϓڗϾᜊɽiһ˿ɛೌجટաٙ݊d
               ઺ԃʔ̻ഃ຾੬ձՉ˼ʔ̻ഃତ൥ʝމΪ؈jࢮැኪഁίኪ୦ཀ೻הו
               աٙʔ̻ഃdַФՑʈЪٙʔଣซd˸ʿЭܓٟึਞၾ€Demeuse et al.,

               2012; OECD, 2018afɰఱ݊Ⴍdᙼޒʮ̻ٙՙ൳઺ԃdਗศٙʔ˟݊
               ઺ԃӻ୕d͵ਗ਼ᓒɽٟึၾ຾᏶ࢨ൷iٟึݴਗ̰ٙঐdʔසਗ਼ڜኺ਷࢕
               ɛʑᆑঐٙ೯౨dɰԴ਷࢕ఄ̰ܵᚃ೯࢝ዚึd੥༆዆ࡈ͏˴݁ط᜗Փ

               €OECD,2018b; Schleicher, 2014f
                   ၽᝄוᛕኊ࢕˖ʷෂ୕d2000ϋۃٙᓿাኪাᇐఱܸ̈઺ԃٙࠠࠅd
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