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276      ᐿ࿲ၾආӉj઺ԃٙɢඎ





               ׌eڗಂe܄ᝈᅰኽഃतЍdεϋԸேաՑ˰ޢ˴ࠅ਷࢕ၾኪޢٙࠠൖ

               €Smith & Baker, 2001; Volante, Fazio, & Ritzen, 2017f͉˖ீཀၽᝄε
               ϋਞၾ਷ყɽۨ઺ԃ൙ˢଢ଼ጐٙኪ͛ኪ୦ڌତϓ؈d̍ў຾᏶ΥЪ೯࢝ଡ଼
               ᔌ€Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD]d˸

               ɨᔊ၈຾Υଡ଼ᔌ০࿁ᅰኪe߅ኪၾቡᛘ९ቮה˴፬ٙ਷ყኪ͛ঐɢ൙ඎ
               ࠇྌ€the Programme for International Student Assessment, PISAd˸ʿ͟
               ઺ԃϓఱ൙ᛠ਷ყ՘ึ€The International Association for the Evaluation of

               Educational Achievement, IEA˴፬ٙ਷ყᅰኪၾ߅ኪ઺ԃϓఱᒈැሜݟ
               €Trends in Mathematics and Science Study, TIMSSeڮආ਷ყቡᛘ९ቮ
               ޼Ӻ€Progress in International Reading Literacy Study, PIRLSd਷ყʮ͏

               ઺ԃၾ९ቮሜݟࠇ೥€International Civic and Citizenship Education Study,
               ICCSdяତၽᝄኪ͛ኪ୦ՙ൳d˲ܵᚃආӉٙ௫̈ڌତf
                   ຾Υଡ଼ᔌ˴፬ٙ਷ყኪ͛ঐɢ൙ඎࠇྌϙίሜݟ΢਷15๋ኪ͛ࠦ࿁͊

               Ը͛ݺ̙ঐٙਪᕚઋྤd๟௪ٙ೻ܓ˸ʿ˼ࡁ୦੻εˇ̀௪ٙٝᗆձҦ
               ঐd˴ࠅ൙ඎධͦ̍ўᅰኪe߅ኪၾቡᛘɧჯਹ९ቮdӊཞɧϋ݄಻ɓ
               ϣdӊϣቃݴ˸Չʕɓჯਹމ˴಻dආБ༰ҁ዆ٙ൙ඎʿܝᚃʱؓfᅰኪ

               ९ቮᏨ಻ኪ͛ᅰඎe٤ගၾҖًeҷᜊၾᗫڷeʔᆽ֛׌ၾ༟ࣘʱؓഃ̬
               ɽ฿ׂd˸ʿኪ͛࿁ᅰኪႧԊٙଣ༆eܔᅼe༆ᕚ৿ணੂБd༊ᕚʫ࢙ፄ
               ɝεʩ˲ྼყٙᙄᕚi߅ኪ९ቮ̍ўəيଣeʷኪe͛يe߅ኪʿήଢၾ

               ˄٤߅ኪഃd൙ඎኪ͛༆ᙑʿཫ಻߅ኪତ൥e౤Զ৿ணeԴ͜߅ኪᗇኽԨ
               ᐝ༆߅ኪሜݟഃঐɢiቡᛘଣ༆९ቮϙίᏨൖପ͛ቡᛘБމٙ΢၇ઋྤd
               ൙ඎኪ͛࿁˖͉ৃࢹᓘ՟e༆ᙑe޲ܠၾ൙ᛠٙঐɢ€ၽᝄ PISA਷࢕޼

               Ӻʕːd2015f
                    2015ϋ਷ყኪ͛ঐɢ൙ඎࠇྌ΍ࠇ71ࡈ຾᏶᜗ਞၾdၽᝄኪ͛ίϤ਷
               ყ൙ˢٙᅰኪe߅ኪჯਹdዝ֣ޫϞՙ൳ڌତfڌ1яତ2006Ց2015ϋd

               ၽᝄኪ͛ਞ̋਷ყኪ͛ঐɢ൙ඎࠇ೥˴಻ჯਹڌତϓ؈d2006ϋ57ࡈਞ
               ̋਷ʕdၽᝄ߅ኪ९ቮڌତરΤୋ4i2012ϋၽᝄኪ͛ᅰኪ९ቮdίΌଢ
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